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The COVID-19 pandemic is suspected to change the consumption of beverages. This study aimed at analyzing the effects of the two-year COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of beverages among Indonesian women. For this purpose, an online survey was designed and performed via social media in Java. As many as 1773 women participated in this study. The results showed that the two-year COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on increasing the consumption of bottled water, drinking water, isotonic drink, energy drink, milk, juice, coconut water, and herbal drink. Meanwhile, the consumption of tea, coffee, and soft drink decreased. © 2023 UPM Press. All rights reserved.
RESUMEN
Background/Objectives: Sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) are rich in macro-micronutrients, such as protein, minerals, folic acid, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), vitamin A, vitamin B1, and fiber.(1) Kombucha tea is a synbiotic fermented beverage that has many health benefits which fermentation process increases antioxidant levels in food products.(2) This study aims to evaluate the benefits of sea grapes kombucha tea, which include the amounts of vitamin C and its effect on Liver-Superoxide dismutase (SOD) serum in mice fed on cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet (CFED). Methods: The Kombucha tea in this study used the formulation of the previous study.(3) Vitamin C amounts were tested using the Titration-Iodometry method. Furthermore, 40 albino male (Mus musculus) mice weighing between 20-30 g were divided into four groups of ten each;group A as normal control (standard dry pellet diet), group B were fed CFED only, and C and D were fed CFED which given 150 and 300 mg/kgBW sea grapes kombucha tea (p.o.) for 4 weeks. This protocol has been registered at https://preclinicaltrials.eu (International Register of Preclinical Trials Protocols) PCTE0000258 and approved by the Ethics Committee RSUP Prof. Dr. RD. Kandou 100/EC/ KEPK-KANDOU/VI/2021. Statistical analysis in this study used The One-Way Anova SPSS 26.0. Results: Ascorbic acid amounts in this study kombucha tea was 1.45 ± 3.82 mg.mL-1. There was a significant difference in SOD levels between groups (p < 0.0001). SOD levels in group A, B, C, and D respectively 16.90 ± 2.82 U/mL;8.79 ± 0.67 U/mL;63.75 ± 4.55 U/mL and 80.27 ± 4.13 U/mL. Dosage of 300 mg/kgBW has significantly increased SOD activity (p < 0.0001) compared to 150 mg/kgBW. Discussion / Conclusion: The sea grapes kombucha tea has the potential to be a ready-to-drink beverage to meet daily vitamin C needs and increase SOD-Liver (Intracellular antioxidant). This study showed in line with previous study that consumption of ascorbic acid significantly increased the SOD activity in type-2 diabetes patients.(4) SOD plays a very important role as a defense against oxidative stress in the body.(5) Sea grapes kombucha tea has the potential to be an anti-inflammatory functional food and as a good immunomodulatory agent, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing health problem in Indonesia, with one of the main causes being physical inactivity. Meanwhile, employees are a group that is susceptible to obesity as they often have limited time while working sedentarily in front of a desk or computer, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This causes risks of many cardiovascular diseases and obesity and can indirectly cause death. Tele-exercise, a live online video exercise, may be the solution to this problem. AIM: Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of tele-exercise on body weight, BMI, and fat mass percentage as indicators of obesity. METHODS: The research was conducted from July 2020 to January 2021 according to the policy regarding the pandemic. Furthermore, it used a pre-and post-quasi-experimental design. A total of 39 subjects were given tele-exercise involving two strength training and one cardio training per week for 3 months. RESULTS: Subsequently, the results showed that exercise had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on BMI and body weight, while fat mass percentage only decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from the second to third assessment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the effects of tele-exercise on obese employee’s body weight, body mass index, and fat mass. CONCLUSION: This proves that tele-exercise is an effective therapy for obesity that does not require a large space and has beneficial online aspects, especially during the pandemic. The timing of measurement and hydration status should be considered to assess the body composition.